10 steps for cloning a database

10 steps for cloning a database.

The following steps must be on Source -Production instance/Server

Step 1. Shutdown database in normal mode and start it up in restricted mode.
Step 2. Take the backup of control file
Step 3. Shutdown database again in normal mode.
Step 4. Copy /FTP init parameter file ,control file script and all the database file on the destination server/location, once all the files are successfully copied, you may startup the database normally.
The following step must be on destination – Clone instance/server
Step 5. Edit init parameter file and control file script.
Step 6. New Environment setup .
Step 7. Connect with SQLPLUSl and recreate control file
Step 8. Open the database in resetlogs.
Step 9. Shutdown the database in normal mode
Step 10. Take the cold backup and start the database in archive/non archive mode.

Step 1 – 3 on the Source Server ( Server A)

SQLPLUS> connect sys/password
Connected.

SQLPLUS> shutdown ;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQLPLUS> startup restrict
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 57124108 bytes
Fixed Size

70924 bytes
Variable Size 40198144 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 77824 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQLPLUS> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Statement processed.
SQLPLUS>
SQLPLUS> show parameter user_dump_dest
NAME TYPE VALUE
----------------------------------- ------- -------------------------
user_dump_dest string E:\ora816\admin\ora816\udump

Note :- Backup control file will generate in user dump destination as above. Check for the latest Ora.trc . Rename this file to Ctrlprod.sql

SQLPLUS> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

Step 4: Copy all the parameter files (initsid.ora, configsid.ora ), Control files, Ctrlprod.sql ( created as above) and all data files to clone server . It is good to follow the OFA. If you are cloning a database on the same machine then create a different directory structure ( as OFA) for cloning instance and copied all the required files of primary instance here.

Step 4a : On Unix ( Let us say your cloning instance name is clone)
If you had followed OFA , your initsid.ora parameters files would be in $ORACLE_BASE/admin/clone/pfile/initclone.ora and configsid.ora would be in $ORACLE_BASE/admin/clone/pfile/configclone.ora.

Create a symbolic link

Change the working directory to $ORACLE_HOME/dbs and create a symbolic link
$ ln –s $ORACLE_BASE/admin/clone/pfile/initclone.ora initclone.ora

Step 5 : On destination server

Change the following parameter in the initsid.ora of the cloning instance/server

InitSid.ora (initora816.ora) of the Source/production server.
InitSid.ora (initclone.ora) of the
destination/clone server.

db_name = "ora816"
instance_name = ora816
service_names = ora816
control_files = ("e:\ora816\oradata\ora816\control01.ctl", "f:\ora816\oradata\ora816\control02.ctl", "g:\ora816\oradata\ora816\control03.ctl") Db_name= “clone”
Instance_name= clone
Service_name = clone
Control_file = (“C:\clone\control01.ctl”,”D:\clone\control02.ctl”)

The other parameter which is required to change is user_dump_dest, background_dump_dest,log_archive_dest

Oraxxxx.trc is copied from source/production instance to destination/clone instance and renamed it as ctrlclone.sql .
Edit ctrlclone.sql as follows.

Oraxxxx.trc in user dump dest of Source/Production instance
Ctrlclone.sql

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA816" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 32
MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
MAXDATAFILES 32
MAXINSTANCES 16
MAXLOGHISTORY 1815
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 'E:\ORA816\ORADATA\ORA816\REDO03.LOG' SIZE 1M,
GROUP 2 'E:\ORA816\ORADATA\ORA816\REDO02.LOG' SIZE 1M,
GROUP 3 'E:\ORA816\ORADATA\ORA816\REDO01.LOG' SIZE 1M
DATAFILE
'E:\ORA816\ORADATA\ORA816\SYSTEM01.DBF',
'E:\ORA816\ORADATA\ORA816\RBS01.DBF',
'E:\ORA816\ORADATA\ORA816\TEMP01.DBF',
'E:\ORA816\ORADATA\ORA816\TOOLS01.DBF',
'E:\ORA816\ORADATA\ORA816\INDX01.DBF',
'E:\ORA816\ORADATA\ORA816\DR01.DBF',
'E:\ORA816\DATABASE\NGAR5ORA81601.DBF',
'E:\ORA816\DATABASE\RBSTEST01.DBF'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
;
# Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
# or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
# All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
# Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

/* Delete everything upto startup nomount */
STARTUP NOMOUNT pfile=f:\clone\initclone.ora
CREATE CONTROLFILE set DATABASE "CLONE" resetlogs noarchivelog
MAXLOGFILES 32
MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
MAXDATAFILES 32
MAXINSTANCES 16
MAXLOGHISTORY 1815
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 'F:\CLONE\ORA816\REDO03.LOG'
SIZE 1M,
GROUP 2 'F:\CLONE\ORA816\REDO02.LOG'
SIZE 1M,
GROUP 3 'F:\CLONE\ORA816\REDO01.LOG'
SIZE 1M
DATAFILE
'F:\CLONE\ORA816\SYSTEM01.DBF',
'F:\CLONE\ORA816\RBS01.DBF',
'F:\CLONE\ORA816\TEMP01.DBF',
'F:\CLONE\ORA816\TOOLS01.DBF',
'F:\CLONE\ORA816\INDX01.DBF',
'F:\CLONE\ORA816\DR01.DBF', 'F:\CLONE\DATABASE\NGAR5ORA81601.DBF',
'F:\CLONE\DATABASE\RBSTEST01.DBF'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
;
# Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
# or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
#RECOVER DATABASE
# All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.
#ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
# Database can now be opened normally.
#ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

STEP 6 :-

ON NT :- You have to create a windows NT services as follows.

C:\>oradim -new -sid clone -srvc oracleserviceClone -intpwd oracle -startmode auto -pfile f:\clone\initclone.ora

ON Unix :-
(A)Change the working directory to /etc and edit the oratab file to put the entry for CLOBE instance.
(B)Setup login profile for the Oracle user having dba group.
ORACLE_SID=CLONE
Export ORACLE_SID
Or .oraenv

STEP 7 :- Create controlfile as follows :-

Check in the initclone.ora REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE is set to
exclusive or shared. If this is set, then a valid passwordfile
should exist in ORACLE_HOME/dbs or created using orapwd as

orapwd file=/u01/oracle/V816/dbs/orapwV722 password=oracle entries=1

where /u01/oracle/V816 is an oracle home

SQLPLUS> @f:\clone\ctrlclone.sql
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 57123804 bytes
Fixed Size 70620 bytes
Variable Size 40198144 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 77824 bytes
Statement processed.

STEP 8 :- Open the database in resetlog mode as follows.

SQLPLUS> alter database open resetlogs;
Statement processed.

STEP 9 :- Shutdown the database in Normal mode

SQLPLUS> connect internal/oracle
Connected.

SQLPLUS> shutdown;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

STEP 10 :- Take the cold backup and start the database in archive/non archive mode.

Note :-
You cannot move datafiles from one operating system and use them on a different operating system. Therefore, it is not possible to clone a database running on SUN on an HP machine. You would have to use export/import

How to Reorg a Table in oracle

1. Take the count of invalid objects.
------------------------------

----
select count(*) from dba_objects where status='INVALID';

2.Note existing sizes of tables and status of indexes on the tables.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
select owner,segment_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where segment_type='TABLE' and segment_name in
('TEST1','TEST2','TEST3','TEST4','TEST5');

3. Note the Indexes for those tables
------------------------------------
select TABLE_NAME,index_name,status,owner from dba_indexes where table_name IN ('TEST1','TEST2','TEST3','TEST4','TEST5') order by table_name;

output=>
TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME STATUS OWNER
---------- --------- ------ --------
TEST1 TEST1_INDX VALID TESTUSER
TEST2 TEST2_PK VALID TESTUSER
TEST3 TEST3_INDX VALID TESTUSER
TEST4 TEST4_IDX VALID TESTUSER
TEST5 TEST5_IDX VALID TESTUSER

4.Create stat table and take export of Schame states
----------------------------------------------------
(i) - exec DBMS_STATS.CREATE_STAT_TABLE(ownname =>'TESTUSER', STATTAB => 'STATS_TABLE' , TBLSPACE => 'TESTING');

(ii) - exec dbms_stats.export_table_stats(OWNNAME => 'TESTUSER', TABNAME=> '',PARTNAME => NULL, STATTAB=> 'STATS_TABLE',STATID=> NULL, CASCADE=>TRUE); ----- (Run the same script for all 5 tables by changing the table name)

5.Reorg the tables using -
--------------------------
Alter table move; ----(Run for 5 tables)

6.Rebuild the indexes -
-----------------------
alter index TESTUSER. rebuild online; -- (Run for the above 5 indexes)

7.Check invalid objects.
-------------------------

select count(*) from dba_objects where status='INVALID';

8. run the utlrp script.
------------------------
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

9.Import schema stats
---------------------
exec dbms_stats.import_table_stats(OWNNAME => 'TESTUSER', TABNAME=> '', stattab => 'STATS_TABLE'); ------(Run the same script for all 5 tables by changing the table name)

10.Note the sizes of the tables after reorg -
---------------------------------------------
select owner,segment_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where segment_type='TABLE' and segment_name in
('TEST1','TEST2','TEST3','TEST4','TEST5');